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An anomaly is an aberration in the results ie one that is unexpected. To determine if it is just a one off (ie a true anomaly) one would have to repeat the experiment to see if the same result occurs or not. If it does not occur, then one can assume that it really is an anomaly and begin to determine why it happened. For example, the methods used - the person carrying out the experiment - were they careful with measurements, recording results, using the correct units? Any calculations made prior to creating the graph, were these also done with care and checked? When discussing anomalies it is also important to consider and state what measures one should then undertake to assure that it wouldn't reoccur - eg, how would you improve the experiment? Hope this helps!
20 March 2013
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